What Is a TOV?
A TOV (Товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю — Limited Liability Company) is the most common corporate form in Ukraine. Equivalent to an LLC in the United States or a GmbH in Germany, it provides limited liability to its founders and a separate legal personality for the company.
| Minimum founders | 1 (one founder is sufficient — can be a foreign national). |
|---|---|
| Minimum capital | No statutory minimum for standard TOV registration. |
| Registered address | Must have a valid legal address in Ukraine. |
| Director | Must have a director (can be the founder, can be a Ukrainian citizen appointed by power of attorney). |
| Taxation | General taxation system (18% income tax) or simplified system (3% or 5% with/without VAT). |
TOV as a TRP Ground
A foreign national who is a founder and director of a Ukrainian TOV may apply for a TRP on the ground of business activity. This requires demonstrated business operations — the company must have a valid bank account, submit tax reports, and have some record of economic activity. A registered but dormant TOV is not considered a valid TRP ground by the DMSU.
The TRP on business grounds is typically issued for 1 year and reviewed at renewal. If the business has no activity at renewal, the DMSU may decline to renew.